A space-time analysis of mortality in older people living with HIV/AIDS in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of mortality in older people living with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This is an ecological study with temporal and spatial approaches to analyze mortality from HIV/AIDS in the older adult population in the 2010-2020 period in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Analysis of temporal trends was performed using the joinpoint regression, and spatial analysis was carried out using the Moran's index and the local empirical Bayesian model. RESULTS: We identified a total of 3,070 deaths from HIV/AIDS among older adults and a mortality rate of 51.71 per 100 thousand inhabitants during the study period. The joinpoint method showed a growing trend for the age groups from 70 to 79 years (annual percent change [APC]=3.45; p=0.01) and ≥80 years (APC=6.60; p=0.006) and stability for the general older adult population (APC=0.99; p=0.226). The spatial distribution of the crude mortality rate was diffuse throughout the state. After smoothing by the Bayesian estimator, we observed greater concentration in the eastern mesoregions. In Moran's analysis, we observed clusters of lower mortality rates in more central regions; and of higher rates in the southern and northern regions of the state. CONCLUSIONS: We found a major growing trend in mortality from HIV/AIDS in the age group of older adults over 69 years during the 2010-2020 period. Clusters of high mortality rates were located in regions further to the south and north of the state, where places of greater social inequalities are concentrated.

Eventos adversos na atençãoprimária à saúde / Adverse events in primary health care / Eventos adversos en la atención primaria a la salud

Objetivo: Identificar na literatura os principais fatores contribuintes para ocorrência de Eventos Adversos na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. A partir da formação da questão norteadora, foi realizada uma pesquisa nas bases de dados: MEDLINE, PubMed, BDENF, SciELO e LILACS. Ao final, foram incluídos 15 artigos. Resultados: 7 dos artigos traziam fatores ligados a medicação como principal, 3 traziam prática e procedimentos, 2 organização e gestão, 1 comunicação e 2 outros fatores. Conclusão: Percebeu-se que erros relacionados a medicação e diagnóstico são os mais comuns nas instâncias de saúde. A falha na comunicação entre funcionários e entre os serviços de saúde, além de fatores organizacionais e diagnósticos tardios também foram apontadas, sendo boa parte, evitável. A subnotificação foi comumente relatada nos artigos, revelando que os dados existentes possam não estar condizentes com a realidade. (AU)

Objective: To identify in the literature the main contributing factors for the occurrence of Adverse Events in Primary Health Care. Methods: This is an integrative review. Based on the formation of the guiding question, a research was carried out in the databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, BDENF, SciELO and LILACS. At the end, 15 articles were included. Results: 7 of the articles included factors related to medication as main, 3 had practice and procedures, 2 organization and management, 1 communication and 2 other factors. Conclusion: Errors related to medication and diagnosis are the most common in health instances. The failure to communicate between employees and between health services, in addition to organizational factors and late diagnoses were also pointed out, being mostly avoidable. Underreporting was commonly reported in the articles, revealing that existing data may not be consistent with reality. (AU)

Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura los principales factores contribuyentes para la ocurrencia de Eventos Adversos en la Atención Primaria a la Salud. Métodos: Se trata de una revisión integrativa. A partir de la formación de la cuestión orientadora, se realizó una investigación en las bases de datos: MEDLINE, PubMed, BDENF, SciELO y LILACS. Al final, se incluyeron 15 artículos. Resultados: 7 de los artículos traían factores ligados à la medicación como principal, 3 traían práctica y procedimientos, 2 orgnización y gestión, 1 comunicación y 2 otros factores. Conclusión: Se dio cuenta que errores relacionados con la medicación y el diagnóstico son los más comunes en las instancias de salud. La falla en la comunicación entre funcionarios y entre los servicios de salud, además de factores organizacionales y diagnósticos tardío también fueron señalados, siendo buena parte, evitable. La subnotificación fue comúnmente relatada en los artículos, revelando que los datos existentes pueden no estar en concordancia con la realidad. (AU)

Spatial modeling of homicide mortality in the Northeast region of Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of homicide mortality and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast Region of Brazil. METHODS: Ecological study with spatiotemporal modeling of homicide deaths between 2000 and 2019. Temporal trends were analyzed by segmented linear regression. Crude mortality was calculated and adjusted by smoothing the local empirical Bayesian method and analyzed by the Global/Local Moran Index and spatiotemporal scan statistics. The association between social determinants of health and homicide mortality was performed using multiple linear regression and autoregressive spatial models. RESULTS: 353,089 deaths were recorded. Mortality increased from 2000 to 2019, with an annual increase of 4.37 in males and 3.57 in females. High risk spatial and spatiotemporal clusters were identified in the coastal region of the states. The spatial regression model showed an association with socioeconomic inequalities. CONCLUSIONS: High risk areas for homicides associated with socioeconomic inequality, which should be considered as a priority for designing and investing in public health policies were investigated.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the actions of the Schistosomiasis Control Program in an endemic area in Northeastern Brazil.

Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health concern in Brazil and the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) was elaborated to assist in the control of the disease. Nevertheless, the irruption of the COVID-19 pandemic may have impacted the program. Herein, we assessed the impact of the pandemic on PCE actions in an endemic area in the region with the highest positivity rate for schistosomiasis in Brazil. We conducted an ecological, population-based study using data from the PCE of the state of Alagoas, between 2015 and 2021, to calculate the percentage of change. The temporal trend analysis was performed using the segmented log-linear regression model. To evaluate the spatial distribution of the data, choropleth maps were made showing the values of the% of change. Moran maps was elaborated to indicate the critical areas. Our analysis showed a decrease in the population surveyed in 2020 (-41.00%) and 2021 (-18.42%). Likewise, there was a reduction in the number of Kato-Katz tests performed (2020 = -43.45%; and in 2021 = -19.63%) and, consequently, a drop in the rate of positive tests (-37.98% in 2020 and -26.14% in 2021). Importantly, treatment of positive cases was lower than 80% (77.44% in 2020 and 77.38% in 2021). Additionally, spatial clusters with negative percentage values of up to -100% of the PCE indicators were identified mostly in the municipalities of the coastal areas that are historically most affected by schistosomiasis. Taken together, our analyzes corroborate that PCE actions in endemic municipalities of Alagoas were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices towards the Prevention of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in an Endemic Area of Alagoas, Northeast Brazil.

We analyzed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of schistosomiasis mansoni prevention in an endemic area of Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and May 2021, with 412 participants living in the municipality of Feira Grande, Alagoas, Brazil. Data collection occurred through visits to the Health Center Urbano II and Massapê, through an interview with a structured questionnaire to identify the levels of KAP regarding schistosomiasis prevention. Of all respondents, 70.87% lived in rural areas, 22.66% reported a history of past schistosomiasis and 52.71% never participated in schistosomiasis control program actions. Factors associated with better KAP scores were being part of an older age group, not using rainwater and having no history of past schistosomiasis. Specifically, among the domains, attitude was the highest score and knowledge was the lowest. Participation in a health intervention program, knowing someone who had schistosomiasis and having been informed through a public health program seemed to have an important impact on the population's KAP. Our results contributed to broadening perceptions about schistosomiasis prevention, highlighting the positive impacts that health programs and interventions have on disease control.

Spatial modeling of homicide mortality in the Northeast region of Brazil / Modelado espacial de la mortalidad por homicidios en la Región Noreste de Brasil / Modelagem espacial da mortalidade por homicídios na Região Nordeste do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of homicide mortality and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Methods: Ecological study with spatiotemporal modeling of homicide deaths between 2000 and 2019. Temporal trends were analyzed by segmented linear regression. Crude mortality was calculated and adjusted by smoothing the local empirical Bayesian method and analyzed by the Global/Local Moran Index and spatiotemporal scan statistics. The association between social determinants of health and homicide mortality was performed using multiple linear regression and autoregressive spatial models. Results: 353,089 deaths were recorded. Mortality increased from 2000 to 2019, with an annual increase of 4.37 in males and 3.57 in females. High risk spatial and spatiotemporal clusters were identified in the coastal region of the states. The spatial regression model showed an association with socioeconomic inequalities. Conclusions: High risk areas for homicides associated with socioeconomic inequality, which should be considered as a priority for designing and investing in public health policies were investigated.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar distribución espaciotemporal de mortalidad por homicidios y relación con determinantes sociales de salud en el Noreste brasileño. Métodos: Estudio ecológico con modelado espaciotemporal de óbitos por homicidios entre 2000 y 2019. Las tendencias temporales fueron analizadas por regresión lineal segmentada. La mortalidad brutal fue calculada y acordada por moderación del método bayesiano empírico local y analizadas por Índice de Moran Global/Local y estadística de barrido espaciotemporal. La relación entre determinantes sociales de salud y mortalidad por homicidios fue realizada mediante la regresión lineal múltiple y modelos espaciales autorregresivos. Resultados: Fueron registrados 353.089 óbitos. La mortalidad aumentó de 2000 para 2019, con un incremento anual de 4,37 en el sexo masculino y 3,57 y en el femenino. Aglomeraciones espaciales y espaciotemporales de alto riesgo fueron identificadas en la región costera de los estados. El modelo de regresión espacial demostró relación con las desigualdades socioeconómicas. Conclusiones: Identificamos áreas de alto riesgo para homicídios relacionadas con la desigualdad socioeconómica, debiendo ser consideradas como prioridad para el delineamiento e inversión en políticas públicas en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espaçotemporal da mortalidade por homicídios e associação com determinantes sociais da saúde na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com modelagem espaço temporal dos óbitos por homicídios entre 2000 e 2019. As tendências temporais foram analisadas por regressão linear segmentada. A mortalidade bruta foi calculada e ajustada pela suavização do método bayesiano empírico local e analisadas pelo Índice de Moran Global/Local e estatística de varredura espaço temporal. A associação entre os determinantes sociais da saúde e a mortalidade por homicídios foi realizada por meio da regressão linear múltipla e modelos espaciais autorregressivos. Resultados: Foram registrados 353.089 óbitos. A mortalidade aumentou de 2000 para 2019, com um acréscimo anual de 4,37 no sexo masculino e 3,57 no feminino. Aglomerações espaciais e espaçotemporais de alto risco foram identificadas na região costeira dos estados. O modelo de regressão espacial demonstrou associação com as desigualdades socioeconômicas. Conclusões: Identificamos áreas de alto risco para homicídios associadas com a desigualdade socioeconômica, devendo ser consideradas como prioridade para o delineamento e investimento em políticas públicas em saúde.

A space-time analysis of mortality in older people living with HIV/AIDS in the state of São Paulo, Brazil / Uma análise espaço temporal da mortalidade em pessoas idosas que vivem com HIV/AIDS no estado de São Paulo, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of mortality in older people living with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological study with temporal and spatial approaches to analyze mortality from HIV/AIDS in the older adult population in the 2010-2020 period in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Analysis of temporal trends was performed using the joinpoint regression, and spatial analysis was carried out using the Moran's index and the local empirical Bayesian model. Results: We identified a total of 3,070 deaths from HIV/AIDS among older adults and a mortality rate of 51.71 per 100 thousand inhabitants during the study period. The joinpoint method showed a growing trend for the age groups from 70 to 79 years (annual percent change [APC]=3.45; p=0.01) and ≥80 years (APC=6.60; p=0.006) and stability for the general older adult population (APC=0.99; p=0.226). The spatial distribution of the crude mortality rate was diffuse throughout the state. After smoothing by the Bayesian estimator, we observed greater concentration in the eastern mesoregions. In Moran's analysis, we observed clusters of lower mortality rates in more central regions; and of higher rates in the southern and northern regions of the state. Conclusions: We found a major growing trend in mortality from HIV/AIDS in the age group of older adults over 69 years during the 2010-2020 period. Clusters of high mortality rates were located in regions further to the south and north of the state, where places of greater social inequalities are concentrated.

RESUMO Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a distribuição espaço-temporal da mortalidade em idosos que vivem com HIV/AIDS no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico com abordagens temporal e espacial para análise da mortalidade por HIV/AIDS em pessoas idosas no período de 2010-2020 no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. A análise das tendências temporais foi realizada por meio da regressão joinpoint e as análises espaciais foram realizadas usando o índice de Moran e o modelo bayesiano empírico local. Resultados: Foram identificados 3.070 óbitos por HIV/AIDS entre pessoas idosas e taxa de mortalidade de 51,71 por 100 mil habitantes no período de estudo. O método joinpoint revelou tendência crescente para as faixas etárias de 70 a 79 anos (variação percentual anual — APC=3,45 p=0,01) e 80 anos ou mais (APC=6,60, p=0,006) e de estabilidade para a população idosa geral (APC=0,99, p=0,226). A distribuição espacial da taxa bruta de mortalidade demonstrou-se difusa em todo o estado. Após suavização pelo estimador bayesiano, observou-se maior concentração nas mesorregiões ao leste. Na análise de Moran, foram observados aglomerados das menores taxas de mortalidade em regiões mais centrais e das altas taxas em regiões mais ao sul e norte do estado. Conclusão: O grupo etário em que ocorreu maior tendência de crescimento da mortalidade por HIV/AIDS durante o período de 2010-2020 foi o de pessoas idosas com mais de 69 anos. Os aglomerados das altas taxas de mortalidade foram localizados em regiões mais ao sul e norte do estado, onde se concentram locais de maiores desigualdades sociais.

Distribuição espacial da qualidade da atenção básica / Spatial distribution of the quality of primary care / Distribución espacial de la calidad de la atención primaria

Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial da qualidade da atenção básica por meio das certificações obtidas no terceiro ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica no município de Aracaju. Métodos: Estudo transversal com técnicas de análise espacial e uso de dados secundários provenientes do terceiro ciclo do programa no município de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. Resultados: A distribuição da qualidade da atenção básica no município mostrou-se heterogênea, com maior concentração de equipes com desempenho regular e ruim em bairros localizados na zona norte. Além disso, há uma maior concentração de equipes em áreas de alta vulnerabilidade e densidade populacional. Conclusão: Os critérios de implantação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família não podem ser unicamente geográficos, mas também deve levar em conta as diferenças sociopolítica e econômica das regiões, levando-se em conta fatores como densidade populacional e os determinantes sociais, além da equidade e acessibilidade aos serviços. (AU)

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the quality of primary care through certifications obtained in the third cycle of the National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care in the municipality of Aracaju. Methods: Cross-sectional study with spatial analysis techniques and use of secondary data from the third cycle of the program in the municipality of Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Results: The distribution of the quality of primary care in the city was heterogeneous, with a greater concentration of teams with regular and poor performance in neighborhoods located in the northern zone. In addition, there is a greater concentration of teams in areas of high vulnerability and population density. Conclusion: The criteria for implementing the Family Health Strategy cannot be solely geographical, but must also take into account the socio-political and economic differences of the regions, taking into account factors such as population density and social determinants, in addition to equity and accessibility to services. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la distribución espacial de la calidad de la atención primaria a través de las certificaciones obtenidas en el tercer ciclo del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Primaria en el municipio de Aracaju. Métodos: Estudio transversal con técnicas de análisis espacial y uso de datos secundarios del tercer ciclo del programa en el municipio de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil. Resultados: La distribución de la calidad de la atención primaria en la ciudad fue heterogénea, con una mayor concentración de equipos con desempeño regular y pobre en los barrios ubicados en la zona norte. Además, existe una mayor concentración de equipos en áreas de alta vulnerabilidad y densidad poblacional. Conclusión: Los criterios para implementar la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia no pueden ser únicamente geográficos, sino que también deben tener en cuenta las diferencias sociopolíticas y económicas de las regiones, teniendo en cuenta factores como la densidad de población y los determinantes sociales, además de la equidad y accesibilidad. a los servicios. (AU)

Acesso, abrangência e resolutividade da atenção básica à saúde no nordeste brasileiro / Acceso, alcance y capacidad resolutiva de la atención básica en salud en el nordeste brasileño / Access, scope and resoluteness of primary health care in northeastern Brazil

Resumo Objetivo Analisar espacialmente os indicadores relacionados às dimensões ao acesso, à abrangência e à resolutividade dos serviços ofertados pela atenção básica à saúde nos municípios da região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico com técnicas de análise espacial, utilizando as médias aritméticas e desvios padrão dos dez indicadores de desempenho pactuados no terceiro ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica, cujas unidades de análise foram os 1.794 municípios da região Nordeste do Brasil. Resultados Nenhum estado atingiu o parâmetro mínimo nas dimensões "Resolutividade" e "Abrangência da oferta dos Serviços". Na dimensão "Acesso e Continuidade do Cuidado", houve agrupamentos espaciais baixo-baixo para atendimentos de consultas por demanda espontânea e alto-alto para atendimentos de consulta agendada. Na dimensão "Resolutividade", foi possível observar aglomerados espaciais alto-alto em municípios do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco e Alagoas. Na dimensão "Abrangência da oferta dos Serviços", verificou-se agrupamentos baixo-baixo em municípios do Maranhão, Piauí e Ceará. Conclusão A análise espacial permitiu observar que ainda persistem dificuldades no acesso da população aos serviços da atenção básica na região Nordeste do Brasil, o que acarreta também na diminuição do poder de abrangência e resolutividade deste nível de atenção.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar espacialmente los indicadores relacionados con las dimensiones del acceso, alcance y capacidad resolutiva de los servicios ofrecidos por la atención básica en salud en los municipios de la región nordeste de Brasil. Métodos Estudio ecológico con técnicas de análisis espacial, utilizando los promedios aritméticos y desviaciones típicas de los diez indicadores de desempeño pactados en el tercer ciclo del Programa Nacional de Mejora del Acceso y de la Calidad de la Atención Básica, cuyas unidades de análisis fueron los 1.794 municipios de la región nordeste de Brasil. Resultados Ningún estado alcanzó el parámetro mínimo en las dimensiones "capacidad resolutiva" y "alcance de la oferta de servicios". En la dimensión "acceso y continuidad del cuidado", hubo agrupamientos espaciales bajo-bajo en atención de consultas por demanda espontánea y alto-alto en atención de consultas agendadas. En la dimensión "capacidad resolutiva", fue posible observar aglomerados espaciales alto-alto en municipios de Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco y Alagoas. En la dimensión "alcance de la oferta de los servicios", se verificaron agrupamientos bajo-bajo en municipios de Maranhão, Piauí y Ceará. Conclusión El análisis espacial permitió observar que aún persisten dificultades en el acceso de la población a los servicios de atención básica en la región nordeste de Brasil, lo que también conlleva una reducción del poder de alcance y capacidad resolutiva de este nivel de atención.

Abstract Objective To spatially analyze the indicators related to access, scope and resoluteness of services offered by Primary Health Care dimensions in the cities of northeastern Brazil. Methods This is an ecological study using spatial analysis techniques, using the arithmetic means and standard deviations of the ten performance indicators agreed in the third cycle of the Brazilian National Program for Improving Access and Quality of Primary Care (PMAQ-AB - Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica), whose units of analysis were the 1,794 cities from northeastern Brazil. Results No state reached the minimum parameter in the "Resoluteness" and "Service offer scope" dimensions. In the "Access and continuity of care" dimension, there were low-low spatial cluster for consultations on spontaneous demand and high-high for appointments with scheduled consultations. In the "Resoluteness" dimension, it was possible to observe high-high spatial clusters in cities in Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Alagoas. In the "Service offer scope" dimension, low-low clusters were found in cities of Maranhão, Piauí and Ceará. Conclusion Spatial analysis allowed us to observe that there are still difficulties in the population's access to PC services in northeastern Brazil, which also leads to a decrease in the power of coverage and resoluteness of this level of care.

Evaluation of the schistosomiasis control program (PCE) in an endemic area, northeastern Brazil: a population-based and 10-year time series study

Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Brazil and the State with the highest positive rate in the country is Sergipe. Herein, we assessed data from the Brazilian Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) in the State of Sergipe between the period 2008 and 2017. We evaluated data about schistosomiasis and snails of the genus Biomphalaria. We used the log-linear regression model (joinpoint) to assess temporal trends and the Kernel estimator for spatial statistics analysis. According to the PCE, Sergipe has 51 endemic municipalities for schistosomiasis. Nevertheless, information about the disease and that collected by the PCE has not been recorded regularly in all endemic municipalities. Additionally, only nine municipalities (17.6%) carried out the malacological survey. The average of positive rate from schistosomiasis in Sergipe was 8.4%. However, our data suggest that it may be underestimated. The spatial analysis maps (Kernel maps) showed areas of high transmission of the disease in municipalities close to the São Francisco River and in the metropolitan region of the State. Altogether, our findings suggest that schistosomiasis has been underreported and it is still a serious public health concern in Sergipe. In addition, there are significant failures in the conduction of PCE's activities by the municipalities.

Tendência Temporal e Distribuição Espacial da Mortalidade por Câncer de Boca em Sergipe / Temporal Trend and Spatial Distribution of Oral Cancer Mortality in Sergipee / Tendencia Temporal y Distribución Espacial de la Mortalidad por Cáncer de Boca en Sergip

Introdução: Anualmente, no Brasil, 15 mil pessoas são diagnosticadas com câncer de boca, e quase metade delas morre. Sergipe está entre os sete Estados brasileiros com maiores índices. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial da mortalidade por câncer de boca em Sergipe entre 2007 e 2016. Método: Estudo ecológico de série temporal de base populacional, utilizando técnicas de análise espacial. Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos no Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). A análise das tendências temporais foi realizada no modelo de regressão de Joinpoint por meio da regressão de Poisson. Foram realizadas análises espaciais utilizando o estimador de intensidade Kernel e os índices de Moran Global e Local. Resultados: Foram analisadas 543 mortes por câncer de boca. Os casos mais frequentes ocorreram em homens (74%), com idade média de 64 anos e baixa escolaridade. As taxas de mortalidade global (variação percentual anual ‒ APC=2,5; IC 95% 0,9-6,7) e masculina (APC=2,96; IC 95% 1,2-5,6) aumentaram. Houve também uma tendência crescente de mortalidade por câncer na língua (APC=10,05; IC 95% 3,8-16,7). A mortalidade relacionada a outras localizações anatômicas foi estável. Houve concentração de óbitos nas Regiões Metropolitana, Centro-Sul e Centro-Agreste. Conclusão: Durante o período analisado, a taxa de mortalidade geral mostrou uma tendência crescente, com concentração nas Regiões Centro-Sul, Central e Metropolitana, sendo necessário manter medidas de prevenção e controle contra o câncer de boca em todo o Estado de Sergipe

Introduction: Annually, in Brazil, 15 thousand individuals are diagnosed with oral cancer and almost half of them die. Sergipe is among the seven Brazilian states with the highest rates. Objective: To analyze the temporal trend and the spatial distribution of oral cancer mortality in Sergipe between 2007 and 2016. Method: Population-based time series ecological study, using techniques of spatial analysis. Mortality data were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The analysis of temporal trends was performed with the Joinpoint regression model using Poisson regression. Spatial analyzes were carried out using the Kernel intensity estimator and the Moran Global and Local indexes. Results: 543 oral cancer deaths were analyzed. The most frequent cases were in men (74%), with an average age of 64 years and low education. The overall and male's mortality rates (annual percent change ‒ APC=2.5; 95% CI 0.9-6.7 and APC=2.96; 95% CI 1.2- 5.6), respectively, increased. There was also an increasing trend of mortality by tongue cancer (APC=10.05; 95% CI 3.8-16.7). Mortality related to other anatomical locations was stable. There was a concentration of deaths in the Metropolitan, Midsouth and Mid-rural regions. Conclusion: During the period investigated, the general mortality rate showed an increasing trend, with concentration in the Midsouth, Mid and Metropolitan regions, and it is necessary to maintain preventive and control measures against oral cancer throughout the State of Sergipe

Introducción: Cada año en Brasil, 15.000 personas son diagnosticadas con cáncer de boca y casi la mitad de ellas mueren. Sergipe es uno de los siete Estados brasileños con las tasas más altas. Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal y la distribución espacial de la mortalidad por cáncer de boca en Sergipe entre 2007 y 2016. Método: Estudio ecológico de series temporales basadas en la población, utilizando técnicas de análisis espacial. Los datos de mortalidad se obtuvieron del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad (SIM). Poisson realizó el análisis de las tendencias de tiempo en el modelo de regresión de Punto de unión. Fueron realizadas análisis espaciales utilizando el estimador de intensidad del Kernel y los índices Moran Global y Local. Resultados: Se analizaron un total de 543 muertes por cáncer de boca. Los casos más frecuentes se dieron en hombres (74%), con una edad media de 64 años y baja escolaridad. Aumentaron las tasas de mortalidad global (porcentual cambio anual ‒ PCA=2,5; IC 0,9-6,7) y masculinas (PCA=2,96; IC 95% 1,2-5,6). También hubo una tendencia creciente de mortalidad por cáncer en la lengua (PCA=10,05; IC 95% 3,8-16,7). La mortalidad relacionada con otros lugares anatómicos fue estable. Hubo una concentración de muertes en las regiones Metropolitana, Central-Sur y Centro-Agreste. Conclusión: Durante el período analizado, la tasa general de mortalidad mostró una tendencia creciente, con concentración en las Regiones Centro-Sur, Centro y Metropolitano, y es necesario mantener medidas de prevención y control contra el cáncer de boca en todo el Estado de Sergipe

Quality of basic health care and social vulnerability: a spatial analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between quality of basic health care and social vulnerability in municipalities of the Brazilian northeast. METHOD: Ecological study with spatial analysis using univariate global and local Moran's indexes. Bivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the quality of basic health care and the Social Vulnerability Index in the Northeast. The dependent variable corresponded to the final scores of certifications of teams of basic health care in the Northeast that had participated in the third cycle of the Brazilian Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Health Care. The independent variable was the Social Vulnerability Index of the municipality. RESULTS: The bivariate analysis has pointed out the presence of areas of low vulnerability with high quality basic health care in the municipalities in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, and Bahia. The state of Maranhão is emphasized for its low performance in basic health care in a large number of municipalities with high vulnerability. CONCLUSION: The study has revealed a spatial relation between the indicators of social vulnerability and quality of basic health care in the Northeast, suggesting that limitations in access to health resources and services may be related to social and health determinants.

Teste rápido para o HIV durante o pré-natal / Rapid test for HIV during prenatal care / Prueba rápida del VIH durante el prenatal

Objetivo: verificar, na literatura, as características das consultas de pré-natal às gestantes para oferecimento do teste rápido para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa da literatura, sem limite temporal, realizado por meio das bases de dados BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus e Web of Science. Incluíram-se artigos originais em português, inglês ou espanhol. Analisaram-se os dados de forma descritiva. Resultados: identificaram-se 1726 publicações, das quais dez compuseram a amostra. Verificaram-se, em geral, as características do estudo e as estratégias para a melhoria das consultas, do aconselhamento e do oferecimento de testes efetivos. Conclusão: conclui-se que a análise dos estudos permitiu a síntese de características, conteúdos, recursos e técnicas de abordagem, além de lacunas e dificuldades tanto dos profissionais quanto das gestantes para a efetivação do aconselhamento para a execução dos testes rápidos para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana em gestantes.(AU)

Objective: to verify, in the literature, the characteristics of prenatal consultations to pregnant women to offer the rapid test for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Method: It is a bibliographic, descriptive, integrative literature review type study, without time limit, carried out through the BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original articles in Portuguese, English or Spanish are included. The data were analyzed in a descriptive manner. Results: 1726 publications were identified, of which ten composed the sample. In general, the characteristics of the study and the strategies for the improvement of consultations, counseling and offer of effective tests were verified. Conclusion: it is concluded that the analysis of the studies allowed the synthesis of characteristics, contents, resources and techniques of approach, besides gaps and difficulties of both professionals and pregnant women for the realization of counseling for the execution of rapid tests for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in pregnant women.

Objetivo: verificar, en la literatura, las características de las consultas prenatales a gestantes para ofrecer la prueba rápida del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Método: se trata de una revisión bibliográfica, descriptiva, integradora de la literatura, sin límite de tiempo, realizada utilizando las bases de datos BDENF, LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus y Web of Science. Se incluyeron artículos originales en portugués, inglés o español. Los datos se analizaron de forma descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron 1726 publicaciones, de las cuales diez componen la muestra. En general, se verificaron las características del estudio y las estrategias para mejorar las consultas, el asesoramiento y la oferta de pruebas efectivas. Conclusión: se concluye que el análisis de los estudios permitió la síntesis de características, contenidos, recursos y técnicas de abordaje, además de vacíos y dificultades tanto de los profesionales como de las gestantes para la efectividad del asesoramiento para la ejecución de las pruebas rápidas para el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana en mujeres embarazadas.(AU)

Primary school educational intervention r egarding schistosomiasis in a riverside community, northeastern Brazil

Schistosomiasis is still a serious public health concern in Brazil and Sergipe State presents the highest prevalence rate of the disease. Brazil implemented the Schistosomiasis Control Program (PCE) with several strategies to control the disease, including health education actions in endemic areas. Herein, we assessed the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge concerning schistosomiasis in students from a riverside village of Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out in 3 phases. 1) A questionnaire was applied to assess the students' knowledge about the biological, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of schistosomiasis mansoni (pre-test). 2) Next, an educational intervention was conducted. Pamphlets about schistosomiasis were distributed to the entire school community, who were then invited to a lecture. 3) A post-test was performed using the questionnaire to assess acquired knowledge. 151 elementary school students were interviewed. 2.6% of the pre-test students and 4.3% of the post-test group had already been diagnosed with schistosomiasis. In the pre-test, only 24.5% knew the cause of the disease and 48.3% the transmission sites. In the post-test, 74.3% (OR= 8.9; p-value<0.0001) knew the etiology and 77.1% the possible transmission sites (OR= 3.6; p-value<0.0001). There was also significant improvement in knowledge regarding signs, symptoms and prophylactic measures. Most students were unaware of the risk of reinfection by Schistosoma mansoni after treatment. The educational intervention proved quite effective in increasing information on schistosomiasis. These results reinforce the importance of health education as an auxiliary tool in the control of schistosomiasis.

Quality of basic health care and social vulnerability: a spatial analysis / Calidad de la atención básica y vulnerabilidad social: un análisis espacial / Qualidade da atenção básica à saúde e vulnerabilidade social: uma análise espacial

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between quality of basic health care and social vulnerability in municipalities of the Brazilian northeast. Method: Ecological study with spatial analysis using univariate global and local Moran's indexes. Bivariate analyses were employed to examine the relationship between the quality of basic health care and the Social Vulnerability Index in the Northeast. The dependent variable corresponded to the final scores of certifications of teams of basic health care in the Northeast that had participated in the third cycle of the Brazilian Program for the Improvement of Access and Quality of Basic Health Care. The independent variable was the Social Vulnerability Index of the municipality. Results: The bivariate analysis has pointed out the presence of areas of low vulnerability with high quality basic health care in the municipalities in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, and Bahia. The state of Maranhão is emphasized for its low performance in basic health care in a large number of municipalities with high vulnerability. Conclusion: The study has revealed a spatial relation between the indicators of social vulnerability and quality of basic health care in the Northeast, suggesting that limitations in access to health resources and services may be related to social and health determinants.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la calidad de la atención básica y la vulnerabilidad social en municipios del Nordeste de Brasil. Método: Estudio ecológico con análisis espacial, utilizando índices de Moran globales y locales univariados. Se emplearon análisis bivariados para examinar la relación entre la calidad de la atención básica y el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social en el Nordeste. La variable dependiente fue las puntuaciones finales de las certificaciones de los equipos de asistencia básica del Nordeste que participaron en el tercer ciclo del Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y la Calidad de la Atención Básica. La variable independiente fue el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social municipal. Resultados: El análisis bivariado mostró la presencia de áreas de baja vulnerabilidad con alta calidad de atención básica en los municipios de los estados de Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco y Bahia. El estado de Maranhão se destacó por presentar un bajo desempeño de la atención básica en un gran número de municipios con alta vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: El estudio reveló la relación espacial entre los indicadores de vulnerabilidad social y la calidad de la atención básica en el Nordeste, sugiriendo que las limitaciones en el acceso a los recursos y servicios de salud pueden estar relacionadas con los determinantes sociales de la salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a qualidade da atenção básica e a vulnerabilidade social nos municípios do Nordeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo ecológico com análise espacial, utilizando os índices de Moran global e local univariados. As análises bivariadas foram empregadas para examinar a relação entre a qualidade da atenção básica e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social no Nordeste. A variável dependente correspondeu às notas finais de certificações das equipes de atenção básica do Nordeste que participaram do terceiro ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. A variável independente foi o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social municipal. Resultados: A análise bivariada apontou presença de áreas de baixa vulnerabilidade com alta qualidade da atenção básica em municípios dos estados do Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco e Bahia. O Maranhão destacou-se por apresentar baixo desempenho da atenção básica em um grande número de municípios com alta vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: O estudo revelou a relação espacial entre indicadores de vulnerabilidade social e qualidade da atenção básica no Nordeste, sugerindo que limitações no acesso a recursos e serviços de saúde podem estar relacionados a determinantes sociais de saúde.

Quality of tuberculosis information systems after record linkage.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the quality of a tuberculosis notification information system after record linkage and spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis in a Brazilian state. METHOD: an ecological study carried between 2006 and 2016 in Sergipe, Brazil. A deterministic linkage was performed with Notifiable Diseases Information System and Mortality Information System, recording 7,873 cases and 483 deaths. The temporal trend of tuberculosis incidence was calculated. RESULTS: there was an increase among men (2.75%), > 60 years (6.29%), higher education (4.34%) and indigenous (4.76%). A total of 190 new cases (2.9%) was found. There was an increasing trend in tuberculosis incidence with a concentration of deaths in the metropolitan region. CONCLUSION: the quality of the information system showed fragility in identifying cases and deaths in Sergipe. Temporal distribution showed an increasing trend in tuberculosis incidence, and spatial distribution identified higher incidences in southeastern Brazil.

Spatiotemporal clusters of schistosomiasis mortality and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast region of Brazil (1980-2017).

The Northeast region of Brazil includes the states with the highest prevalence for schistosomiasis mansoni (SM). This study aimed to evaluate the spatiotemporal patterns of SM mortality and to analyze this association with social determinants in health. We conducted an ecological time series study (1980-2017), using spatial analysis tools. Time trend analysis was performed by joinpoint regression. Maps representing mortality rates for SM were constructed and Moran Index was calculated to analyze spatial autocorrelation. A total of 13,720 deaths from SM were reported in this period. The states of Pernambuco (PE) (50.62%) and Alagoas (AL) (22.09%) had the highest mortality percentages. The mortality rate decreased from 1.28 to 0.63 along the time. Although most states showed a stable trend, Sergipe (SE) and Bahia (BA) showed increasing trends in the latest years. Additionally, the spatial analysis showed the concentration of municipalities that presented high risk in the coastal region of the states of PE, AL, SE, and BA. Lastly, mortality rates were correlated with social and educational indicators and hospitalizations for diarrhea. Altogether, these results demonstrate that some states showed stable or increasing trends of SM mortality in the last period of the studied time interval.

[Tuberculosis among children and adolescents: an epidemiological and spatial analysis in the state of Sergipe, Brazil, 2001-2017]. / Tuberculose em crianças e adolescentes: uma análise epidemiológica e espacial no estado de Sergipe, Brasil, 2001-2017.

Tuberculosis continues to be of the most frequent diseases in the world and one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Data from the World Health Organization indicate that Brazil accounts for 75% of global cases involving children. The study aims to analyze the epidemiological and spatial pattern of tuberculosis in children and adolescents in the state of Sergipe during the period from 2001 to 2017. This is an ecological, temporal series study using secondary data. The categorical variables were summarized in simple and absolute frequency. In the spatial analysis the Bayesian method for rate smoothing and the Moran index were used to evaluate spatial autocorrelation. Trend analysis was performed using the Joinpoint regression model. The mean incidence rate was 5.9, with a predominance of 15 to 19 years of age (76.4%) and a steady trend, but with a positive annual variation in both sexes. Tuberculosis in children and adolescents has significant spatial dependence in the north and northeast regions. The knowledge of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis over the years provides subsidies for the targeting of resources in risk areas and new strategies for prevention and control of the disease among children and adolescents.

A tuberculose continua como uma das doenças mais frequentes no mundo e uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade. Dados da Organização Mundial de Saúde indicam que o Brasil responde por 75% dos casos mundiais envolvendo crianças. O estudo objetiva analisar o padrão epidemiológico e espacial da tuberculose em crianças e adolescentes no estado de Sergipe durante o período de 2001 a 2017. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, de serie temporal, com uso de dados secundários. As variáveis categóricas foram sumarizadas em frequência simples e absoluta. Na análise espacial foi utilizado o método bayesiano para suavização de taxas e o índice de Moran para avaliar a autocorrelação espacial. A análise de tendência foi realizada por meio do modelo de regressão Joinpoint. Verificou que a taxa média de incidência foi de 5,9 com predomínio na faixa etária 15 a 19 anos (76,4%) e tendência estacionaria, porém com variação anual positiva em ambos os sexos. A tuberculose em crianças e adolescentes apresenta dependência espacial significante nas regiões norte e nordeste. O conhecimento da situação epidemiológica da tuberculose ao longo dos anos fornece subsídios para o direcionamento de recursos em áreas de risco e às novas estratégias de prevenção e controle da doença em crianças e adolescentes.